Vitalik Buterin summarized the results of a recent meeting of Ethereum researchers in Berlin, presenting the concept of Lean Ethereum. This is not just another hard fork, but a comprehensive series of changes that will be implemented over the next 3-4 years. Essentially, we are on the verge of the third major iteration of the network, following The Merge, which will affect virtually all fundamental components of the protocol.

The new roadmap is not a wish list, but a clear plan for restructuring. Key changes include:

  • Transitioning to block verification using recursive STARK proofs, which will dramatically increase validation efficiency.
  • Replacing cryptographic algorithms vulnerable to quantum computers.
  • Updating the consensus mechanism and implementing a multidimensional gas fee model.
  • A complete overhaul of client architecture and the network state storage system.

Quantum Threat Becomes Priority #1

The most significant shift in emphasis is the sharp increase in priority for quantum resistance. Whereas previously protection against quantum attacks was considered a long-term, almost futuristic task, it is now brought to the forefront. The development of quantum-resistant cryptography and a new BLOB data format will be accelerated. This is a clear signal: the industry realizes that the window of opportunity for preparing for the post-quantum era is rapidly closing.

Privacy as a Foundation, Not an Option

Buterin made it clear that privacy is no longer an additional feature. From now on, it is embedded into the architecture of all new components — from the mempool to storage mechanisms. In parallel, the use of formal verification is expanding to enhance security and simplify protocol auditing. This is a step towards making Ethereum not just decentralized, but truly confidential.

Storage Revolution: 100 TB of New Format

The most radical change is the rethinking of the data storage model. Instead of unbridled scaling of the existing state, a two-tier system is proposed. The current state (about 2 TB by 2030) will be retained for complex applications, but for tokens, NFTs, and most DeFi protocols, a new, optimized storage format capable of holding up to 100 TB will be introduced. This is not just an upgrade; it is a paradigm shift that will allow the network to grow without exponentially increasing demands on nodes.

Additionally, the team is considering the possibility of gradually phasing out direct dependence on the EVM in favor of RISC-V or leanISA architectures, maintaining compatibility through a compilation layer. In the coming years, we will also see a gradual increase in the gas limit, BLOB data volume, and a reduction in slot time — but only after their safety is confirmed.

Analytical Commentary: This roadmap is the most ambitious development plan for Ethereum since the transition to Proof-of-Stake. The shift in focus to quantum resistance deserves particular attention. If Ethereum successfully implements these changes, it will not only solve its current scaling problems but also lay the foundation for security for decades to come. However, the complexity and scope of the planned changes carry significant risks. Success will depend on the coordination of hundreds of developers worldwide.