World powers risk getting bogged down in the race for quantum computing, losing sight of equally critical areas. IBM's Center for Governmental Affairs has released a report strongly recommending that governments expand their quantum strategies to include quantum communications, sensors, post-quantum cryptography, workforce development, and supply chain strengthening.
The document's main thesis is "tunnel vision." Countries focused exclusively on quantum computers risk falling behind in adjacent but equally important fields: secure communications, high-precision sensors, and, crucially for the crypto industry, protecting data from future quantum attacks. Global investment in quantum technologies has already exceeded $40 billion, and as the authors emphasize, "using quantum computing for public value requires strategic action, not just awareness."
A key threat requiring immediate response is the "harvest now, decrypt later" scenario. Attackers can intercept encrypted data today to decrypt it when sufficiently powerful quantum computers emerge. This is why transitioning to post-quantum cryptographic algorithms is not a distant future issue but an urgent necessity for protecting digital infrastructure.
Who leads the race: USA, China, EU
The report provides a comparative analysis of key players' strategies. The USA has a strong research base and attracted over $1.5 billion in venture capital funding for quantum startups in 2024. China, following a centralized model, has invested an estimated $15.3 billion, focusing on quantum communications. The European Union, with a budget of around $10 billion, faces challenges of fragmentation and commercialization but is actively developing educational initiatives, such as recently launched digital skills academies.
What to do right now
The report's authors emphasize that the nearest practical track for states is not waiting for a universal quantum computer, but preparing infrastructure for post-quantum cryptography. Ready-made standards and clear deadlines already exist. It is necessary to inventory systems, update algorithms, vet suppliers, and begin migrating digital signatures. According to experts, the cost of inaction significantly exceeds the cost of long-term engagement.
Expert opinion: The crypto industry should pay close attention to this report. The "harvest now, decrypt later" scenario is not a hypothetical threat but an existing risk for blockchain networks. Although Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have not yet faced a direct quantum threat, preparation for a post-quantum future should become a priority for developers and miners today. Ignoring this factor could lead to catastrophic consequences for the security of digital assets.