Glamsterdam: The largest Ethereum hard fork since The Merge enters its final stage
The Ethereum network is preparing for one of its most significant upgrades in recent years. The Glamsterdam hard fork has officially entered its final development stage — all planned Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) have been integrated and are being actively tested ahead of the launch of public testnets. The upgrade is expected to be activated in the second half of 2026, although the exact date has not yet been set.
Scope and Key Changes
According to estimates from leading Ethereum Foundation developers, Glamsterdam could become the network's largest fork since The Merge in 2022. It includes three key components that will fundamentally change the blockchain's operational mechanisms.
The first and perhaps most important innovation is ePBS (EIP-7732), which addresses the long-standing issue of separating the roles of validators and block builders. This mechanism will enhance network efficiency and security, eliminating centralization risks associated with the current MEV model.
The second significant element is Block-level Access Lists (EIP-7928). This technology optimizes the transaction processing pipeline, reducing node load and lowering operational costs for users. Combined with ePBS, it lays the foundation for a more scalable and affordable network.
The third component is a comprehensive overhaul of gas fees. Developers have conducted an in-depth analysis of the current pricing model and introduced substantial adjustments that will make smart contract execution more predictable and cost-effective.
Outlook and Impact on the Ecosystem
Glamsterdam not only improves the existing architecture — it lays the groundwork for the next phase of Ethereum's evolution. After this fork is activated, the network will become more resistant to attacks, reduce dependence on centralized intermediaries in the block-building process, and offer users lower fees.
As an analyst, I believe Glamsterdam is a strategic move that demonstrates the maturity of the Ethereum community. Unlike many other blockchains that prioritize speed and low costs at the expense of decentralization, the Ethereum team is choosing a path of evolutionary improvement to its core infrastructure. This may slow adoption in the short term, but in the long run, it will secure Ethereum's leading position as a platform for institutional and decentralized applications.