Quantum computing: a key source of errors and ways to neutralize it have been found
One of the main obstacles to the practical use of quantum computers is their extremely high sensitivity to errors. Each logical qubit requires a complex correction system, and until now, it remained unclear which specific stage of computation contributes most to data degradation.
A recent study conducted by specialists from the University of Sydney in collaboration with IBM engineers has shed light on this critical aspect. The analysis showed that the primary source of failures is not the quantum operations themselves, but measurements performed in real time for error correction. The paradox is that attempting to fix a fault during the operation of a quantum processor itself generates new interference, destroying the fragile state of the qubits.
The scientists not only identified the problem but also proposed specific methods to reduce this "measurement noise." The developed protocols allow minimizing the impact of measurement procedures on neighboring qubits, significantly increasing the reliability of logical quantum circuits. Essentially, this means we can build longer computational chains without accumulating a critical level of errors.
This work is a significant step toward creating fault-tolerant quantum systems capable of executing complex algorithms (e.g., in cryptography or molecular modeling) without loss of precision. For the blockchain and cryptocurrency industry, this is particularly important: the emergence of a powerful quantum computer would threaten current encryption algorithms.
Expert opinion: The market is currently underestimating the pace of progress in quantum error correction. If current trends continue, we could see the first prototypes of fault-tolerant machines within 3–5 years, which would radically change the security landscape of digital assets. Investors and developers in the DeFi space should already start considering post-quantum cryptography.